Indian parents have historically wanted sons, who are seen as breadwinners and family heirs. Girls are often viewed as a financial burden in a country where the tradition of giving a marriage dowry persists.
Even though sex selection is against the law, illegal gender-based abortions have been blamed for a sex ratio of 940 females for every 1,000 males in the last census.
But many couples continued having children until they produced their desired number of sons, the government said in its annual economic survey report.
"Families where a son is born are more likely to stop having children than families where a girl is born. This is suggestive of parents employing 'stopping rules' -– having children till a son is born and stopping thereafter," it said.
Couples, particularly women, in India face immense pressure to produce male children and many rural families do not send girls to school, marrying them off young.
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But the report said India's preference for sons appeared "inoculated to development", with even wealthier families not immune.
Illegal sex selection and gender-based abortions remain rampant across social and economic groups in the country, according to several studies.
A 2011 study in the British medical journal The Lancet found that up to 12 million girls had been aborted in the last three decades in India.
